Range

How far will it actually go?

Manufacturer range figures are measured with a light rider at low constant speed on flat ground. This one uses the road load, so the answer looks like the range you get.

The battery

That is 624 Wh. Most spec sheets print the watt-hours directly. If yours only gives volts and amp-hours, this is the same number: volts times amp-hours.

The load

Realistic range24.3miles
Energy use
23.1 Wh/mi
Usable pack
562 Wh
Safe out-and-back
10.3 mi each way
Drag share at 15 mph
47%

Reading the result

Bike lanes, waterfront, grid city.

Aerodynamic drag rises with the square of speed, so it is 47% of the effort at 15 mph. Dropping 5 mph is almost always worth more range than any accessory you can buy.

The model assumes a healthy pack. Cells lose capacity with age and cycle count, so subtract roughly another 10 to 20% once a scooter is two or three seasons old.

Where the numbers come from

Energy per mile is rolling resistance plus aerodynamic drag, divided by drivetrain efficiency. Rolling resistance scales with total weight; drag scales with the square of speed. Both are then adjusted for terrain, riding style and the capacity a lithium pack loses in the cold.

Where it stops being reliable

It assumes a healthy pack, dry pavement and no headwind. An aged battery, a strong crosswind or a heavy load of shopping will all take more than the model expects. Treat the result as a good day, not a guarantee.

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